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-Chapter 5 High Spirits, High Seas

• What city was described "the jewel of the world"? 
• What was the "water of life"?
• What was wildly used as medicine? 

Catedral de Córdoba

In 711 C.E., Arab armies began the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.  The Moors, brought with them their Arabic architecture, art, and of course, language. Over time, Arabic expressions mixed with old Spanish vocabulary to become the Spanish dialect that most Spanish-speaking countries use today: Castilian Spanish.

Even after los Reyes Católicos (the Catholic king and queen) Ferdinand and Isabel expelled the Arab empire from the Spanish kingdom in 1492, Castilian Spanish has retained approximately 8,000 words with Arabic origin to this day. After Latin, Arabic has made the greatest contribution to the Spanish language. Traveling through Spain, it is almost impossible to avoid the name of a place or region that is derived from Arabic.

One of the most well-known words to come from Arabic, ojalá means hopefully in English and comes from the Arabic expression: “law sha allah” which means if God should want. Remember that ojalá is a conjunction that can often, but doesn't need to be, used with Barrio, which translates to neighborhood in English, comes from the Arabic word, “barri”, which refers to the outer limits of a city.
https://www.spanishdict.com/guide/spanish-words-of-arabic-origin